Materials and Features of Helmets

Helmets are essential personal protective equipment (PPE) that ensure head protection. In different industries and job roles, it is crucial to pay attention to the materials and features of the helmets. The materials and features of helmets directly affect safety levels, durability, and comfort. In this article, we will explore the types of materials used in helmets, their functionality, and how the features of helmets come together in detail.

1. Materials Used in Helmet Production

Helmets are typically made from durable and high-security materials. The materials of helmets are selected based on their ability to absorb and distribute impacts, wear resistance, and durability against temperature fluctuations. Commonly used materials include:

a) Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene is one of the most commonly used materials in helmet production. It offers high durability and effectively absorbs impacts. This material is known for its light weight and flexibility and is resistant to various temperature conditions. Additionally, polyethylene helmets are resistant to chemicals and are preferred in various industrial sectors.

b) Polycarbonate (PC)
Polycarbonate is generally preferred for heavier-duty helmets. Polycarbonate has high impact resistance and is highly resistant to breaking and cracking. It also withstands high temperatures. Polycarbonate helmets can be used in environments where chemical exposure is a concern, as this material is resistant to chemical effects.

c) ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
ABS is commonly used in the production of lighter and more affordable helmets. ABS is resistant to high temperature changes and offers good impact resistance. ABS helmets are particularly common in the construction sector. ABS material also provides a certain level of resistance to chemical effects.

d) Fiberglass
Fiberglass is another material used in heavy-duty helmets. Fiberglass helmets are highly resistant to high temperatures and also provide electrical insulation. They are preferred in sectors where electrical work or high-temperature risks are present. Fiberglass makes the helmet more robust and durable, but it is heavier compared to materials like polycarbonate and polyethylene.

e) Kevlar
Kevlar may also be used in some helmets. Known for its durability and light weight, Kevlar is typically used in high-security jobs, especially under hazardous working conditions. Kevlar helps absorb impacts more effectively, significantly reducing the force that reaches the head.

2. Key Features of Helmets

Helmets provide safety not only through the materials used but also through their design and functional features. The main features of helmets include:

a) Impact Protection
The primary function of a helmet is to protect the head from impacts. Helmets absorb and distribute high-energy impacts, preventing head injuries. The material used in the helmet's design must have the ability to absorb shock during impact. Materials such as polyethylene, polycarbonate, and fiberglass ensure that the helmet performs its head protection role effectively.

b) Wear and Abrasion Resistance
Helmets may experience wear and tear due to excessive use and environmental factors. Therefore, the material of the helmet must have high abrasion resistance. Polyethylene and polycarbonate are materials that offer high resistance to friction. Even with prolonged use, these materials maintain the helmet’s durability.

c) Temperature and Chemical Resistance
In some workplaces, the head may be exposed to high temperatures or chemicals. In such cases, the helmet’s resistance is crucial. Polycarbonate and fiberglass are materials resistant to high temperatures, making them suitable for risky environments. Some helmets may also have chemical-resistant coatings applied.

d) Protection Under Heavy Loads
In certain industries, workers may experience significant impacts to the head from falling heavy materials. In such cases, helmets must be resistant to impacts. Materials like fiberglass allow the helmet to absorb the impact without damaging the head.

e) Ventilation and Comfort
When workers need to wear helmets for extended periods, comfort becomes important. Ventilation holes in the helmet’s interior help prevent excessive sweating and keep the head cool. Additionally, some helmets feature padded areas inside to increase comfort. A comfortable helmet improves worker productivity.

f) Electrical Insulation
Some helmets may be equipped with electrical insulation features. Helmets used in electrical work are typically made from materials such as polycarbonate or fiberglass, ensuring the helmet does not conduct electricity. Additional insulation features may be incorporated into the inner part of the helmet for protection against electrical shocks.

g) Weight and Lightness
The weight of a helmet is an important factor during use. A heavy helmet can cause discomfort and negatively impact the worker's performance. Therefore, it is important for a helmet to be lightweight. Materials like polyethylene and ABS are known for their lightness, which enhances comfort during prolonged use.

3. Helmet Design and Additional Features

Helmets not only stand out because of the materials and features but also through their design. The design of a helmet can be enhanced with features that increase safety. For example:

• Visors: In addition to head protection, visors can be added to helmets to protect the eyes. This is particularly useful in tasks such as cutting, grinding, or welding, where eye injury risks are high.
• Light Additions: For workers operating in low-light conditions, LED lights can be added to the top of the helmet. This increases safety and widens the field of vision.
• Communication Systems: In challenging environments, workers can use helmets equipped with integrated headphones and microphone systems to communicate effectively.

Conclusion

The materials and features of helmets play a critical role in ensuring safety, comfort, and durability. Helmets must be made from the right materials and features to protect users, prevent head injuries, and provide protection against various environmental conditions. Selecting the appropriate helmet for a given working environment significantly enhances workplace safety and helps prevent accidents.